Neural Ordinary Differential Equations

We introduce a new family of deep neural network models. Instead of specifying a discrete sequence of hidden layers, we parameterize the derivative of the hidden state using a neural network. The output of the network is computed using a black-box differential equation solver. These continuous-depth models have constant memory cost, adapt their evaluation strategy to each input, and can explicitly trade numerical precision for speed. We demonstrate these properties in continuous-depth residual networks and continuous-time latent variable models. We also construct continuous normalizing flows, a generative model that can train by maximum likelihood, without partitioning or ordering the data dimensions. For training, we show how to scalably backpropagate through any ODE solver, without access to its internal operations. This allows end-to-end training of ODEs within larger models.

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Task Dataset Model Metric Name Metric Value Global Rank Result Benchmark
Multivariate Time Series Imputation MuJoCo Latent ODE (RNN enc.) MSE (10^2, 50% missing) 0.447 # 2
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting MuJoCo RNN-VAE MSE (10^-2, 50% missing) 1.782 # 3
Multivariate Time Series Imputation MuJoCo RNN-VAE MSE (10^2, 50% missing) 6.100 # 6
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting MuJoCo Latent ODE (RNN enc.) MSE (10^-2, 50% missing) 1.377 # 2
Multivariate Time Series Imputation PhysioNet Challenge 2012 RNN-VAE mse (10^-3) 5.930 # 4
Multivariate Time Series Imputation PhysioNet Challenge 2012 Latent ODE (RNN enc.) mse (10^-3) 3.907 # 3
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting PhysioNet Challenge 2012 Latent ODE (RNN enc.) mse (10^-3) 3.162 # 4
MSE stdev 0.052 # 3
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting PhysioNet Challenge 2012 RNN-VAE mse (10^-3) 3.055 # 3
MSE stdev 0.145 # 4
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting USHCN-Daily NeuralODE-VAE MSE 0.96 # 7
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting USHCN-Daily NeuralODE-VAE-Mask MSE 0.83 # 5

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