AIROGS: Artificial Intelligence for RObust Glaucoma Screening Challenge

3 Feb 2023 · Coen de Vente, Koenraad A. Vermeer, Nicolas Jaccard, He Wang, Hongyi Sun, Firas Khader, Daniel Truhn, Temirgali Aimyshev, Yerkebulan Zhanibekuly, Tien-Dung Le, Adrian Galdran, Miguel Ángel González Ballester, Gustavo Carneiro, Devika R G, Hrishikesh P S, Densen Puthussery, Hong Liu, Zekang Yang, Satoshi Kondo, Satoshi Kasai, Edward Wang, Ashritha Durvasula, Jónathan Heras, Miguel Ángel Zapata, Teresa Araújo, Guilherme Aresta, Hrvoje Bogunović, Mustafa Arikan, Yeong Chan Lee, Hyun Bin Cho, Yoon Ho Choi, Abdul Qayyum, Imran Razzak, Bram van Ginneken, Hans G. Lemij, Clara I. Sánchez ·

The early detection of glaucoma is essential in preventing visual impairment. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to analyze color fundus photographs (CFPs) in a cost-effective manner, making glaucoma screening more accessible. While AI models for glaucoma screening from CFPs have shown promising results in laboratory settings, their performance decreases significantly in real-world scenarios due to the presence of out-of-distribution and low-quality images. To address this issue, we propose the Artificial Intelligence for Robust Glaucoma Screening (AIROGS) challenge. This challenge includes a large dataset of around 113,000 images from about 60,000 patients and 500 different screening centers, and encourages the development of algorithms that are robust to ungradable and unexpected input data. We evaluated solutions from 14 teams in this paper, and found that the best teams performed similarly to a set of 20 expert ophthalmologists and optometrists. The highest-scoring team achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99) for detecting ungradable images on-the-fly. Additionally, many of the algorithms showed robust performance when tested on three other publicly available datasets. These results demonstrate the feasibility of robust AI-enabled glaucoma screening.

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