The Universal Dependencies (UD) project seeks to develop cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation of morphology and syntax for multiple languages. The first version of the dataset was released in 2015 and consisted of 10 treebanks over 10 languages. Version 2.7 released in 2020 consists of 183 treebanks over 104 languages. The annotation consists of UPOS (universal part-of-speech tags), XPOS (language-specific part-of-speech tags), Feats (universal morphological features), Lemmas, dependency heads and universal dependency labels.
503 PAPERS • 15 BENCHMARKS
The Sentences Involving Compositional Knowledge (SICK) dataset is a dataset for compositional distributional semantics. It includes a large number of sentence pairs that are rich in the lexical, syntactic and semantic phenomena. Each pair of sentences is annotated in two dimensions: relatedness and entailment. The relatedness score ranges from 1 to 5, and Pearson’s r is used for evaluation; the entailment relation is categorical, consisting of entailment, contradiction, and neutral. There are 4439 pairs in the train split, 495 in the trial split used for development and 4906 in the test split. The sentence pairs are generated from image and video caption datasets before being paired up using some algorithm.
320 PAPERS • 4 BENCHMARKS
The Cross-lingual Natural Language Inference (XNLI) corpus is the extension of the Multi-Genre NLI (MultiNLI) corpus to 15 languages. The dataset was created by manually translating the validation and test sets of MultiNLI into each of those 15 languages. The English training set was machine translated for all languages. The dataset is composed of 122k train, 2490 validation and 5010 test examples.
317 PAPERS • 11 BENCHMARKS
OntoNotes 5.0 is a large corpus comprising various genres of text (news, conversational telephone speech, weblogs, usenet newsgroups, broadcast, talk shows) in three languages (English, Chinese, and Arabic) with structural information (syntax and predicate argument structure) and shallow semantics (word sense linked to an ontology and coreference).
234 PAPERS • 12 BENCHMARKS
Multimodal EmotionLines Dataset (MELD) has been created by enhancing and extending EmotionLines dataset. MELD contains the same dialogue instances available in EmotionLines, but it also encompasses audio and visual modality along with text. MELD has more than 1400 dialogues and 13000 utterances from Friends TV series. Multiple speakers participated in the dialogues. Each utterance in a dialogue has been labeled by any of these seven emotions -- Anger, Disgust, Sadness, Joy, Neutral, Surprise and Fear. MELD also has sentiment (positive, negative and neutral) annotation for each utterance.
203 PAPERS • 2 BENCHMARKS
MuST-C currently represents the largest publicly available multilingual corpus (one-to-many) for speech translation. It covers eight language directions, from English to German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Romanian and Russian. The corpus consists of audio, transcriptions and translations of English TED talks, and it comes with a predefined training, validation and test split.
194 PAPERS • 2 BENCHMARKS
XQuAD (Cross-lingual Question Answering Dataset) is a benchmark dataset for evaluating cross-lingual question answering performance. The dataset consists of a subset of 240 paragraphs and 1190 question-answer pairs from the development set of SQuAD v1.1 (Rajpurkar et al., 2016) together with their professional translations into ten languages: Spanish, German, Greek, Russian, Turkish, Arabic, Vietnamese, Thai, Chinese, and Hindi. Consequently, the dataset is entirely parallel across 11 languages.
163 PAPERS • 2 BENCHMARKS
Dataset of hate speech annotated on Internet forum posts in English at sentence-level. The source forum in Stormfront, a large online community of white nacionalists. A total of 10,568 sentence have been been extracted from Stormfront and classified as conveying hate speech or not.
162 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
PAWS-X contains 23,659 human translated PAWS evaluation pairs and 296,406 machine translated training pairs in six typologically distinct languages: French, Spanish, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. All translated pairs are sourced from examples in PAWS-Wiki.
151 PAPERS • 4 BENCHMARKS
MLQA (MultiLingual Question Answering) is a benchmark dataset for evaluating cross-lingual question answering performance. MLQA consists of over 5K extractive QA instances (12K in English) in SQuAD format in seven languages - English, Arabic, German, Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese and Simplified Chinese. MLQA is highly parallel, with QA instances parallel between 4 different languages on average.
148 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
The Microsoft Academic Graph is a heterogeneous graph containing scientific publication records, citation relationships between those publications, as well as authors, institutions, journals, conferences, and fields of study.
115 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
This corpus comprises of monolingual data for 100+ languages and also includes data for romanized languages. This was constructed using the urls and paragraph indices provided by the CC-Net repository by processing January-December 2018 Commoncrawl snapshots. Each file comprises of documents separated by double-newlines and paragraphs within the same document separated by a newline. The data is generated using the open source CC-Net repository.
94 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
VATEX is multilingual, large, linguistically complex, and diverse dataset in terms of both video and natural language descriptions. It has two tasks for video-and-language research: (1) Multilingual Video Captioning, aimed at describing a video in various languages with a compact unified captioning model, and (2) Video-guided Machine Translation, to translate a source language description into the target language using the video information as additional spatiotemporal context.
94 PAPERS • 3 BENCHMARKS
Math23K is a dataset created for math word problem solving, contains 23, 162 Chinese problems crawled from the Internet. Refer to our paper for more details: The dataset is originally introduced in the paper Deep Neural Solver for Math Word Problems. The original files are originally split into train/test split, while other research efforts (https://github.com/2003pro/Graph2Tree) perform the train/dev/test split.
88 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
ASPEC, Asian Scientific Paper Excerpt Corpus, is constructed by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) in collaboration with the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). It consists of a Japanese-English paper abstract corpus of 3M parallel sentences (ASPEC-JE) and a Japanese-Chinese paper excerpt corpus of 680K parallel sentences (ASPEC-JC). This corpus is one of the achievements of the Japanese-Chinese machine translation project which was run in Japan from 2006 to 2010.
84 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
We release Douban Conversation Corpus, comprising a training data set, a development set and a test set for retrieval based chatbot. The statistics of Douban Conversation Corpus are shown in the following table.
77 PAPERS • 4 BENCHMARKS
The shared task of CoNLL-2002 concerns language-independent named entity recognition. The types of named entities include: persons, locations, organizations and names of miscellaneous entities that do not belong to the previous three groups. The participants of the shared task were offered training and test data for at least two languages. Information sources other than the training data might have been used in this shared task.
69 PAPERS • 3 BENCHMARKS
The CMU CoNaLa, the Code/Natural Language Challenge dataset is a joint project from the Carnegie Mellon University NeuLab and Strudel labs. Its purpose is for testing the generation of code snippets from natural language. The data comes from StackOverflow questions. There are 2379 training and 500 test examples that were manually annotated. Every example has a natural language intent and its corresponding python snippet. In addition to the manually annotated dataset, there are also 598,237 mined intent-snippet pairs. These examples are similar to the hand-annotated ones except that they contain a probability if the pair is valid.
63 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
CMRC is a dataset is annotated by human experts with near 20,000 questions as well as a challenging set which is composed of the questions that need reasoning over multiple clues.
61 PAPERS • 11 BENCHMARKS
DuReader is a large-scale open-domain Chinese machine reading comprehension dataset. The dataset consists of 200K questions, 420K answers and 1M documents. The questions and documents are based on Baidu Search and Baidu Zhidao. The answers are manually generated. The dataset additionally provides question type annotations – each question was manually annotated as either Entity, Description or YesNo and one of Fact or Opinion.
60 PAPERS • 4 BENCHMARKS
LCSTS is a large corpus of Chinese short text summarization dataset constructed from the Chinese microblogging website Sina Weibo, which is released to the public. This corpus consists of over 2 million real Chinese short texts with short summaries given by the author of each text. The authors also manually tagged the relevance of 10,666 short summaries with their corresponding short texts 10,666 short summaries with their corresponding short texts.
57 PAPERS • 2 BENCHMARKS
OSCAR or Open Super-large Crawled ALMAnaCH coRpus is a huge multilingual corpus obtained by language classification and filtering of the Common Crawl corpus using the goclassy architecture. The dataset used for training multilingual models such as BART incorporates 138 GB of text.
55 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
Delta Reading Comprehension Dataset (DRCD) is an open domain traditional Chinese machine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset. This dataset aimed to be a standard Chinese machine reading comprehension dataset, which can be a source dataset in transfer learning. The dataset contains 10,014 paragraphs from 2,108 Wikipedia articles and 30,000+ questions generated by annotators.
51 PAPERS • 5 BENCHMARKS
Multilingual Document Classification Corpus (MLDoc) is a cross-lingual document classification dataset covering English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese and Chinese. It is a subset of the Reuters Corpus Volume 2 selected according to the following design choices:
51 PAPERS • 11 BENCHMARKS
The Weibo NER dataset is a Chinese Named Entity Recognition dataset drawn from the social media website Sina Weibo.
51 PAPERS • 2 BENCHMARKS
WikiLingua includes ~770k article and summary pairs in 18 languages from WikiHow. Gold-standard article-summary alignments across languages are extracted by aligning the images that are used to describe each how-to step in an article.
48 PAPERS • 5 BENCHMARKS
Emotion-cause pair extraction (ECPE) aims to extract the potential pairs of emotions and corresponding causes in a document. This dataset consists of 1,945 Chinese documents from SINA NEWS website.
47 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
OCNLI stands for Original Chinese Natural Language Inference. It is corpus for Chinese Natural Language Inference, collected following closely the procedures of MNLI, but with enhanced strategies aiming for more challenging inference pairs. No human/machine translation is used in creating the dataset, and thus the Chinese texts are original and not translated.
41 PAPERS • 3 BENCHMARKS
The SCUT-CTW1500 dataset contains 1,500 images: 1,000 for training and 500 for testing. In particular, it provides 10,751 cropped text instance images, including 3,530 with curved text. The images are manually harvested from the Internet, image libraries such as Google Open-Image, or phone cameras. The dataset contains a lot of horizontal and multi-oriented text.
C3 is a free-form multiple-Choice Chinese machine reading Comprehension dataset.
40 PAPERS • 3 BENCHMARKS
Multilingual Grade School Math Benchmark (MGSM) is a benchmark of grade-school math problems. The same 250 problems from GSM8K are each translated via human annotators in 10 languages. GSM8K (Grade School Math 8K) is a dataset of 8.5K high-quality linguistically diverse grade school math word problems. The dataset was created to support the task of question answering on basic mathematical problems that require multi-step reasoning.
37 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
XL-Sum is a comprehensive and diverse dataset for abstractive summarization comprising 1 million professionally annotated article-summary pairs from BBC, extracted using a set of carefully designed heuristics. The dataset covers 44 languages ranging from low to high-resource, for many of which no public dataset is currently available. XL-Sum is highly abstractive, concise, and of high quality, as indicated by human and intrinsic evaluation.
37 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
The BUCC mining task is a shared task on parallel sentence extraction from two monolingual corpora with a subset of them assumed to be parallel, and that has been available since 2016. For each language pair, the shared task provides a monolingual corpus for each language and a gold mapping list containing true translation pairs. These pairs are the ground truth. The task is to construct a list of translation pairs from the monolingual corpora. The constructed list is compared to the ground truth, and evaluated in terms of the F1 measure.
36 PAPERS • 4 BENCHMARKS
Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA) is an open-domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k question-answer pairs aligned across 26 typologically diverse languages (260k question-answer pairs in total). The goal of this dataset is to provide a challenging benchmark for question answering quality across a wide set of languages. Answers are based on a language-independent data representation, making results comparable across languages and independent of language-specific passages. With 26 languages, this dataset supplies the widest range of languages to-date for evaluating question answering.
35 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
BEAT has i) 76 hours, high-quality, multi-modal data captured from 30 speakers talking with eight different emotions and in four different languages, ii) 32 millions frame-level emotion and semantic relevance annotations. Our statistical analysis on BEAT demonstrates the correlation of conversational gestures with \textit{facial expressions}, \textit{emotions}, and \textit{semantics}, in addition to the known correlation with \textit{audio}, \textit{text}, and \textit{speaker identity}. Based on this observation, we propose a baseline model, \textbf{Ca}scaded \textbf{M}otion \textbf{N}etwork \textbf{(CaMN)}, which consists of above six modalities modeled in a cascaded architecture for gesture synthesis. To evaluate the semantic relevancy, we introduce a metric, Semantic Relevance Gesture Recall (\textbf{SRGR}). Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate metrics' validness, ground truth data quality, and baseline's state-of-the-art performance. To the best of our knowledge,
33 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
DialogRE is the first human-annotated dialogue-based relation extraction dataset, containing 1,788 dialogues originating from the complete transcripts of a famous American television situation comedy Friends. The are annotations for all occurrences of 36 possible relation types that exist between an argument pair in a dialogue. DialogRE is available in English and Chinese.
WMT 2020 is a collection of datasets used in shared tasks of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation. The conference builds on a series of annual workshops and conferences on Statistical Machine Translation.
CSL-Daily (Chinese Sign Language Corpus) is a large-scale continuous SLT dataset. It provides both spoken language translations and gloss-level annotations. The topic revolves around people's daily lives (e.g., travel, shopping, medical care), the most likely SLT application scenario.
32 PAPERS • 4 BENCHMARKS
CoVoST is a large-scale multilingual speech-to-text translation corpus. Its latest 2nd version covers translations from 21 languages into English and from English into 15 languages. It has total 2880 hours of speech and is diversified with 78K speakers and 66 accents.
32 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
AISHELL-3 is a large-scale and high-fidelity multi-speaker Mandarin speech corpus which could be used to train multi-speaker Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems. The corpus contains roughly 85 hours of emotion-neutral recordings spoken by 218 native Chinese mandarin speakers and total 88035 utterances. Their auxiliary attributes such as gender, age group and native accents are explicitly marked and provided in the corpus. Accordingly, transcripts in Chinese character-level and pinyin-level are provided along with the recordings. The word & tone transcription accuracy rate is above 98%, through professional speech annotation and strict quality inspection for tone and prosody.
31 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
ChID is a large-scale Chinese IDiom dataset for cloze test. ChID contains 581K passages and 729K blanks, and covers multiple domains. In ChID, the idioms in a passage were replaced with blank symbols. For each blank, a list of candidate idioms including the golden idiom are provided as choice.
30 PAPERS • 3 BENCHMARKS
A human-to-human Chinese dialog dataset (about 10k dialogs, 156k utterances), which contains multiple sequential dialogs for every pair of a recommendation seeker (user) and a recommender (bot).
26 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
SLAKE is an English-Chinese bilingual dataset consisting of 642 images and 14,028 question-answer pairs for training and testing Med-VQA systems.
26 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
Resume contains eight fine-grained entity categories -score from 74.5% to 86.88%.
25 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
VALUE is a Video-And-Language Understanding Evaluation benchmark to test models that are generalizable to diverse tasks, domains, and datasets. It is an assemblage of 11 VidL (video-and-language) datasets over 3 popular tasks: (i) text-to-video retrieval; (ii) video question answering; and (iii) video captioning. VALUE benchmark aims to cover a broad range of video genres, video lengths, data volumes, and task difficulty levels. Rather than focusing on single-channel videos with visual information only, VALUE promotes models that leverage information from both video frames and their associated subtitles, as well as models that share knowledge across multiple tasks.
24 PAPERS • NO BENCHMARKS YET
Simplified Chinese dataset for NER in The Third International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff (2006), provided by Microsoft Research Asia (MSRA).
23 PAPERS • 3 BENCHMARKS
22 PAPERS • 1 BENCHMARK
The Image-Grounded Language Understanding Evaluation (IGLUE) benchmark brings together—by both aggregating pre-existing datasets and creating new ones—visual question answering, cross-modal retrieval, grounded reasoning, and grounded entailment tasks across 20 diverse languages. The benchmark enables the evaluation of multilingual multimodal models for transfer learning, not only in a zero-shot setting, but also in newly defined few-shot learning setups.
21 PAPERS • 13 BENCHMARKS