The ULS23 test set contains 725 lesions from 284 patients of the Radboudumc and JBZ hospitals in the Netherlands. It is intended to be used to measure the performance of 3D universal lesion segmentation models for Computed Tomography (CT). To prepare the data, radiological reports from both participating institutions where searched using NLP tools identifying patients with measurable target lesions, indicating that these lesions were clinically relevant. A random sample of patients was selected, 56.3% of which were male and with diverse scanner manufacturers. The lesions were annotated in 3D by expert radiologists with over 10 years of experience in reading oncological scans. ULS23 is an open benchmark, and we invite ongoing submissions to advance the development of future ULS models.
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